Motion picture record



June 23, 1942. "r. STEPHEN E I'AL MOTION PIQTUBE RECORD Original al a Feb. 8, 1936 NII wan/nu 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS ,Kww {MM/( BY M WW ATTORNEYS 1 T. STEPHEN ETAL MOTION FIFO TUBE RECORD Original Filed Feb. 8, 1936 4 Sheets-She et s INVENTORS ATTORNEYS Patented June 23, 1942 MOTION morons RECORD Thomas Stephen, New York, and Richard K. Parsell, Manhasset, N. Y. said Parsell assignor to said Stephen Original application February 8, 1936, Serial No. 62,900, now Patent No. 2,185,610, dated January 2, 1940. Divided and this application December 30, 1939, Serial No. 311,808

4 Claims. (Cl. git-19.5)

This invention relates to a new type Of mo tion picture record. The method of and ap paratus for photographing and projecting the record are described in my application, Ser. No.

62,900, of which the present application is a, di-

vision and on which Patent No.. 2,l85,6l issued January 2, 1940.

According to the new principle of this invention, motion pictures can be photographed and projected merely by moving the film or similar recording means past a suitable optical structure, the motion of the film being continuous (non-intermittent) and the necessity for moving parts other than those necessary to actuate the film continuously being eliminated.

Advantages of this invention are numerous.

-; It has long been apparent that intermittent film motion in connection with cameras and projectors for motion pictures has necessitated the since the first conception of motion pictures, of making motion pictures by making a series of independent ordinary photographs and later projecting the pictures at a rate such that persistence of vision blends the pictures so as to achieve the semblance of continuous motion.

A feature of this invention resides in the movement of a recording screen such as a photographic emulsion relatively to an Optical structure, such as an objective lens or a projecting lens, together with a scanning screen which scans the light rays passing through the optical structure. Thus in photographing a subject in motion, light from the subject is received by a suitable optical objective and is directed by it to a motion picture film, for example, bearing a photographic emulsion. interposed between the objective and the emulsion is a scanning screen containing a plurality of scanning elements.

use of complicated and delicate machinery in- 3 When e film is moved together With t e Scancluding Synchronized shutter and Sprocket ning screen the light falling on the emulsion is drives, claw action mechanisms, locking devices, scanned so that condensed recorded images of take-up mechanisms, registering devices d th the subject produced by the scanning action of like which make the machinery elaborate and the scanning screen are formed on the emulsion. costly and so delicate as to require frequent ad In the normal case the scanning screen is part justments and repairs. Moreover, such mechof the motion picture film and is on the surface anisms impose severe limitations on cinematogthereof Coward the o jective, the photographic raphy especially with reference to the intensity emulsion being on the opposite surface Of the of light used and th speed t h h t m film. In such case it is apparent that the only can travel. With the ordinary intermittent cam- 39 apparatus that is required is a suitable Objective era less than fifty per cent of the illumination and means moving the special film relatively of the subject received by the objective lens efthereto and behind a suitable film gate. Since fectively reaches the photographic emulsion on the Subiact is being suc ssively and independthe film and about twenty-four pictures per seceniily Scanned during the movement of the scanond is usually regarded as the maximum speed 35 ning elements and emulsion relatively to Objecof film. According to the present invention, five, it s pp t y motion of the subsuch difficulties and limitations have been over- J' is recorded 0n the motion picture come. When the film has been developed and printed, Other advantages of this invention reside in motion P s can be projected yl elimination of stroboscopic illusions, elimination ng a strong source of li ht behind the film and of flicker, elimination of the necessity for perdirect ng the light throu h the emulsion and forations on motion picture film, elimination of Scanning elements and throug an Optical P the necessity for elaborate silencing devices in ,.-jecting structure onto a viewing screen of usual motlon picture cameras and equipment when type such as a reflecting or translucent screen. sound pictures are bemg recorded, and reduction When the emulsion and scanning elements are in the Wear and tear on motion picture films. moved relatively to th r t t l Attempts have heretofore been e p OJec mg Op stmc l I made to elnntule, the rays pass through the scanning screen mate mtermittent motion of the film by means and projecting structure, so as to build up an of rotary mirror arrangements and the like but image on the viewing screen and any motion of such devices have been of an even more complithe original subject will be reproduced on the cated, delicate and expensive character than the viewing screen. ordinary type of equipment and have not gone Features of the present application relate to the into practlcaluse. c rd at is p oduced and used according to The present invention constitutes a complete this invention. departure from the old idea, that has persisted According to this invention, light from a b from separate p O ject being photographed is scanned so that light sin front of the objective h son the record screen (e. g. photographic emulsion) during the motion of the screen and in projection light from such separate points on the record screen are projected during the motion of the record onto a viewing screen so as to fall at separate stationary points. This can be done in several ways. Some such ways will be described below for the purpose of i1- lustrating this invention.

Before discussing specific illustrations of this invention, it may be said that in certain of the modifications described below the scanning elements used are adapted to resolve light falling on a recording screen (such a photograph emulsion) into a plurality of separate points or minute areas depending upon the angle of incidence of the light rays upon the scanning elements; and that the optical structure that is used is adapted to direct light rays onto the scanning screen so that light rays from points of the subject being photographed which are disposed in a direction corresponding to the direction of motion of the recording screen can fall on the recording screen from one direction only with reference to the direction of motion of the recording screen, the direction of rays from each of such points with reference to the direction of motion of the recording screen being different from the direction of rays from the other points. The scanning elements then cause the light from such separate points to strike the recording screen at separate points regardless of the fact that the recording screen may be moved continuously relatively to the optical structure during the exposure.

When the record is completed, small views of the subject are produced on the record screen.

When the record screen and scanning screen comprise a unitary article (e. g. a film) as is ordinarily the case, the resulting article is of an essentially unique construction. The scanning" screen may take several forms as will be described more in detail below. Thus the scanning elements are preferably of a lenticular structure such as portions of spheres (spherical lenses) or portions of cylinders (cylindrical lenses or ridges) or may be in the form of alternate opaque and transparent bands (in the form of a grating). In any such case the resulting film or record has a plurality of scanning elements on one face thereof and behind each of the scanning elements a scanned view of the subject. The views may be in the form of negatives or positives as the case may be.

Whenthe record (such as the new film record above described) is used in projection, the scanning elements cause light, which originally fell upon the film from special directions in making the photograph, to be projected in corresponding special directions and the projecting structure that is used projects the light emanating from the film in the special directions to be projected into the viewing screen so that light directed in any special direction with reference to the longitudinal extent of the film will fall at particular stationary points on the viewing screen. Thus regardless of the continuous movement of the film during projection an unblurred image is visible on the viewing screen and, due to the motion of the film, any movement of the subject originally photographed is reproduced on the viewing screen.

Further description of this invention, will be in connection with the accompanying drawings which show certain illustrative embodiments thereof and certain illustrations of how the in-' vention may be practiced; and other objects, features, and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following description. The

Y" figures shown in the drawings are as follows:

Fig. 1 is a side diagrammatic view of an elementary form of cinematographic apparatus embodying this invention and illustrating the practice thereof.

Fig. 2 is a side diagrammatic view of a modified form of apparatus generally similar to that shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 2A is a side diagrammatic view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2' with the film in a different position relative to the film gate.

Fig. 3 is a side diagrammatic View of cinematographic apparatus according to this invention using an objective lens structure and a transverse slit at the pbjective lens structure.

Fig. 4 is a side diagrammatic view which is explanatory of the action of lenses between which light rays from point sources travel in parallel lines.

Fig. 5 is a side diagrammatic view similar to- Fig. 4 wherein a plurality of lens elements is used.

Fig. 6 is a side diagrammatic view similar to Figs. 4 and 5 but showing a lenticular film and a simple form of compensating lens.

Fig. 7 is a side diagrammatic view illustrating the paths of rays striking lens elements of the lenticular film.

Fig. 8 is a side view partly in section of an objective lens structure including a compensating lens.

Fig. 8A is a front view of the lens structure shown in Fig. 8. 1

Fig. 9 is a side view partly in section and largely diagrammatic of apparatus for photographing motion pictures according to the present invention which apparatus employs a spherical type compensating lens.

Fig. 10 is a side diagrammatic view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 9 which indicates the paths of certain rays through the different optical structures.

Fig. 11 is a side diagrammatic view of projecting apparatus which apparatus is of generally similar character to that shown in Figs. 9 and 10.

Fig. 11A is a side diagrammatic view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 11 which shows the paths of certain rays of light from the projecting lens structure to the viewing screen.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view largely diagrammatic of photographic apparatus embodyingjthis invention which uses cylindrical type compen sating lens structures.

Fig. 13 is a perspective diagrammatic view showing the paths of certain rays through the optical structures shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a perspective diagrammatic view of projecting apparatu having cylindrical type compensating lens structures.

Fig. 14A is a detailed diagrammatic side view of the film used in Fig. 14 which shows the paths of certain light rays in traveling through the film.

Fig. 14B is a diagrammatic side view of a portion of apparatus shown in Fig. 14 illustrating the paths of certain rays in traveling from the projecting lens structure to the viewing screen.

Fig. 15 is a plan View of a film which may be used according to this invention and which comprises spherical type lens lements.

Fig. 16 is. a side sectional View of the film shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a plan view of a film which may be used according to this invention and which com prises cylindrical lens ridges.

Fig. 18 is a side sectional view of the film shown in Fig. 1'7.

Fig. 19 is a plan view of another type of film which may be used in carrying out this invention and which includes a grating on one surface thereof.

Fig. 20 is a side sectional view of the film shown in Fig. 19.

Fig. 21 is a plan view of a modified type of film comprising spherical lens elements. a

Fig. 22 is a side view of the film shown in Fig. 21

comprising cylindrical lens ridges.

Fig. 24 is a side view of the film shown in Fig. 23.

Fig/25 is a plan view of a further modified form of film comprising spherical lens elements. Fig. 28 is a plan view of a further modified form of film comprising cylindrical lens elements. Fig. 27 is a plan view of a modified form of film comprising a grating.

Fig. 28 is a plan view of a still further modified form of film comprising cylindrical lens elements. Fig. 29 is a plan view of a still further modified form of film comprising spherical lens elements. In order that certain features of this invention may be the more readily understood, the scanning of a subject to be photographed will be described in connection with a very simpl struc ture which is analogous in some respects to the so-called pin-hole camera.

In this connection, reference is made to Fig. 1, I

5!, light rays from the subject such as rays 53, b

54 and will pass through the hole 5! each at a different angle with respect to the others. In this instance a pin hole is used as an objective optical structure. In other devices described below other types of objective optical structures are used.

According to this invention, a camera for taking motion pictures is afforded by using in connection with the pin-hole objective a composite film indicated generally by the reference character 58 which comprises the record screen 5'! (such as a photographic emulsion) and a scanning screen which is indicated generally by the reference character 58 and which, in this modification, is in the form of a grating comprising opaque strips 59 extending crosswise on the film between which are transparent band elements "(e. g. as in Figs. 19 and 20). To afford a film gate of desired width, film gate members 5| are provided which may be mounted so as to adjust the spacin'g between them as by means of thumb screws 62.

Suitable means (not shown, e. g. such as that referred to in said application in Ser. No. 62,900) are provided for moving the composite film 55 past the film gate and transversely with respect to the light coming through the hole 5| from subject 52. If the composite film 5B is moved Fig. 23-'is a plan view of a modified form of film screen 51.

composite film 55 is moved upwardly the point thereon which is exposed to the ray of light 53 is not again exposed to light from any source. This is illustrated by noting the paths of light rays 54 and 55. The light ray 5 5 from the mid portion of subject 52 passes through a transparent band 55 and falls at a point on the record screen 51 which is different from the point at which ray 53 fell with reference to the position of scanning elements in front thereof. Similarly, the ray 55 from the lower part of subject 52 strikes a still different point on the record screen 5'! with reference to the position of the transparent portion of scanning elements in front thereof. By the time that the composite film 55 has moved past the uppermost gate member 61, it is seen that the subject 52 has been scanned by the film and that behind each of the elements of'the scanning screen there will have been formed an inverted longitudinally condensed image 52 of the subject 52. It is desirable that each of the images 52 should fall within the space on the recording screen 51 which cor-responds to the space on the scanning screen occupied byan element thereof (each element extending from the mid portion of one opaque band to the mid portion of th next opaque band). The extent of the image 52 longitudinally of the lm can be controlled in various ways and brought to this desired relationship. As far as the camera operation is concerned, the spacing of the gate members 8! controls the angle at which marginal rays can pass through the transparent bands 50. In this manner, the length of the image 52 can be controlled but this limits the amount of subject 52 that can be recorded. The length of the image 52' can also be con trolled by adjusting the spacing of the composite screen 56 from the aperture 5! and by controlling the thickness of the composite film 56 so as to effect the spacing of the scanning screen 58 from the recording screen 5?. For preferred results the camera and film that is used are adapted so that the subject will be brought to a focus on the photographic emulsion and so that the subject when scanned in a direction corresponding to the direction of motion of the film will be recorded completely behind each of the elements of the scanning screen and will occupy an area in the recording screen which substantially corresponds to the area of the different scanning elements of the scanning scrcengsdefined by the centers of the opaque strips in- -front thereof.

From the foregoing it is apparent that during the motion of the composite film 56 past the film .gate formed by member 51, the subject 52 is successively scanned by and reproduced behind each element of the scanning screen at the face of the composite film. There is no blurring of the images formed on the record screen 51 inasmuch as light from any one point of the subject 52 can fall at only one point behind each of the scanning elements notwithstanding the continuous motion of the film past the film gate during the exposure thereof. If the subject 52 moves or comprises any part which moves, such movement will be recorded on the record screen upwardly as shown by the arrow in Fig. 1, it is 51 as the different positions of the subject 52 are recorded faithfully as successive images 52. The speed at which the film is moved can correspond to that which is appropriate for usual motion pictures. Also the film can be made to move faster or slower. Thus for subjects which move very slowly the film can be moved very slowly and for subjects which move very rapidly the film can be moved very rapidly. Very great scanned by the lenses 66 so that as the film 64 is moved upwardly, for example, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 2, the subject 52 is successively scanned by each of the lenses 66 and as the film passes upwardly beyond the film gate formed by members 6 I, complete condensed inverted images 52 of subject 52 are formed on the recording flexibility as to the rate of movement of the film film. The light rays (traveling in the reverse direction-of that described above) would then pass thrbugh the film including the scanning screen on the face thereof, through the aperture and onto any suitable viewing screen of the reflecting or translucent type (not shown). Upon moving the film past the film gate continuously the appearance of motion of the projected pictures would be obtained.

In Fig. 2 this invention is again illustrated in connection with an elementary type of apparatus of the pin hole camera type. In this figure the parts of the camera are similar to the parts shown in Fig. l and the camera is shown as photographing a subject 52 as in Fig. 1. Instead of using a composite film wherein the scanning screen consists of a grating, a scanning screen is used consisting of a plurality of substantially similar lenses. The lenses may be of the spherical or 5101 the cylindrical type which are shown more in detail in Figs. 15, 16, 1'7 and 18, for example. By the use of a scanning screen made up of lenses it is possible to transmit more light to the photographic emulsion. The composite film indicated generally by in Fig. 2 comprises a recording screen 65 such as a photographic emulsion, and on the face thereof a plurality of lenses 86.

The operation of the film shown in Fig. 2 in making a record by scanning a subject being photographed is in some respects analo ous to the operation of the film shown in Fig. 1. Thus in Fig. 2 the light ray 53 from the upper end of the subject 52 passes through the aperture BI and strikes one of the lenses 66 which when in the position shown in Fig. 2 refracts the light ray so as to fall at point a. The ray 54 passing through the axis of the hole 5| is shown in Fig. 2 as passing through the center of one of the lenses 66, and falling at the point I) on the recording screen 65. The ray 55 passes through the hole 5! and is refracted by one of the lenses fit so as to fall on the point 0.

In Fig. 2A the film shown in Fig. 2 is shown as having been moved throughout a portion of..the length of one of the lens elements with'respect to the hole 51 by any suitable means. It is seen that the ray 53 now falls on a different portion of one of the lenses 66 but since it strikes a different portion of the curvature of the lens it is refracted and falls at the same point a on the recording screen 65. Similarly rays 54 and 55 likewise fall at points I) and c which are the identical points at which the rays fell on the recording screen 55 when the screen was in the position shown in Fig. 2. The same result is attained in all other positions of the film during the movement thereof. Thus the subjept 52 is screen 65.

In connection with the modification shown in Fig. 2 it is desirable to have each of the images 52 substantially completely fill the space immediately behind each of the lens elements 66.

This can be controlled by adjusting the spacing of the film 64 from the hole 5|, by adjusting the thickness of the film 64, by adjusting the spacing of the gate members El and by the character of the lens elements 66 (including such factors as the curvature thereof and the index of refraction of the material used); but the capacity of the lens elements to bring parallel rays (at least in a plane intersecting the film longitudinally) to approximately the same point behind the lens elements should be retained.

It is apparent that by placing a source of illumination behind the film E l, light rays traveling in a direction the reverse of that described above can be projected through the lenticular film, through the hole 51 and onto a suitable screen, not shown, and that when the film 64 is moved with reference to the film gate by any suitable means the projection of motion pictures will be accomplished.

While reference has been made above to the use of a composite film, it is understood that in the ordinary case the recording screen such as a photographic emulsion is on one side of a film and that the scanning screen such as a grating or lens structure is on the other side of the same film and integral therewith. This insures accurate registration of the scanned images behind the elements of the scanning screen. However, it is apparent that the composite film can be made of separate parts one of which would in-, clude a, recording screen such as a photographic emulsion, and the other of which would include a scanning screen including scanning elements such as a grating or lens structure. These considerations apply to the diagrammatic representation shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and likewise to the disclosures and examples hereinbelow set forth.

.It is to be understood that the foregoing descriptions of this invention in connection with a pin-hole camera have been primarily for the purpose of describing the principle upon which the subject being photographed can be scanned according to this invention. More highly perfected apparatus are of course desirable for normalcommercial work. One form of apparatus which is nevertheless of quite simple character is, however, described in connection with Fig. 3. In this figure a usual type of photographic lens 6'! is shown. The lens 61 may comprise several parts 68, 69, 10 and H, which may be such as described in United States Patent No. 1,360,667 to Minor, but it is to be understood that any other suitable arrangement of primary and corrective lens structures can be used. The lens structure 61 is interposed between an object 72 to be photographed and the film 14. The film 14 is at the image plane of the lens structure 61. The film i4 is similar to the film shown in Figs. 2 and 2A and comprises a recording screen 15, such as photographic emulsion, and spaced therefrom a plurality of lens elements 16 which may be either of the spherical or cylindrical type. If lens structures of the cylindrical type are used, these extend laterally across the elongated motion picture film.

When reference is made herein to a lens structure of spherical typ it is understood that one or more of the lens surfaces is substantially in the form of a portion of a sphere. The curvature may be double concave, double convex, concavoconvex, piano-convex, plano-concave, etc. The lens elements in the objective lens structure Bl are of spherical type and illustrate different combination of curvatures which spherical type lenses (as that term is used herein) may take.

When reference is made to cylindrical type lenses herein, it is understood that one or more of the lens surfaces is substantially in the form of portions of a cylinder. The combinations of curved and/or plane surface may be analogous to those mentioned above in connection with spherical type lens,

When lens elements of either spherical or cylindrical type are embossed on the surface of the film they are normally of the plano-convex type and function in the way that plano-convex lenses function.

At the secondary nodal plane or diaphragm of the lens structure 61 is placed a stop 11. This stop may be merely a hole, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but is preferably in the form of an elongated slit which extends horizontally across the lens structure, assuming that the elongated film is positioned vertically. The thing that is im portant is that the slit be disposed transversely with respect to the longitudinal extent of the moaition picture film.

If the rays of light 19 from the upper end of the subject 12 are traced through the lens structure 5?, it is seen that they will go through the slit l8 and fall on one of the lens elements 18 of the film '14. Since the lens elements are of the piano-convex. type the rays of light 19 will be contracted to a minute area or point p corresponding to a point p at the upper end of subject 12. Similarly rays of light 39 from the lower end of subject 72 will be condensed to a minute area or point 0' behind another of the lens elements 76 but at approximately the other extremity of the area on the emulsion behind the lens elements in a direction corresponding to the longitudinal extent of the film. If the composite film M is moved upwardly (or downwardly) as indicated by the arrow by sprocket wheel 292 or any other suitable means, it is seen that as it passes the film gate formed by members 8|, scanned images 12' of-the subject l2 will be formed behind each of the lens elements 76 during the progress of the film past the film gate. As the film i l is continuously moved past the film gate, any movement in subject 12 will be faithfully recorded in the minute images 12' which are formed bysuccessively scanning the subject 12. As aforesaid, it is preferable that the area of images 12 correspond to the area of the lens elements in front thereof. In order to utilize a maximum amount of the light entering the camera lens, the width (suitably adjustable by means not shown) of the aperture 18 should be as great as is consistent with obtaining a clear record of scanned image on the photographic emulsion,

The optical set-up for projecting motion picturcs using a composite film made with the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 may be made substantially identical with the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 ex cept that the projector normally would use a lens having a longer focus than the objective lens used in making the initial photograph. The Width of the aperture 18 in the screen H in projection would preferably be made as great as is 5 consistent with the production of a clear image on the viewing screen. Upon illuminating the film as by source of light 25f] each point on the record portion thereof would be magnified by the lens element in front of such points to cause a beam of light to go through the projecting lens structure and brought to a focus on a suitable viewing screen (e. g. 0t O-P) During the projection and regardless of the motion of the film past the film gate, each portion of the images behind the lens elements would fall at a corresponding point which remains stationary on the viewing screen and any motion of the subject originally photographed and successively recorded in the different images in back of the lens elements would be apparent to one viewing the image on the viewing screen.

In the apparatus described in connection with Fig. 3 it is apparent that the lens structure 6'! serves to bring light from points laterally dis- 5 posed with respect to the slot '18 to a focus on the film M from a variety of directions but that the structure imposes a definite limitation as to the angle at which light from points in the subject which are disposed in the direction corresponding to the longitudinal extent of the film, fall upon the film. The angle at which the rays from each of such longitudinally disposed points falls on the film is different from the angle at which rays from each of the other of such points falls on the film, the angle referred to being the angle disposed longitudinally with reference to the longitudinal extent of the film. It is understood that an angle thus referred to is in a plane which intersects the film along a longitudinally 4.0 extending line of the film,

It is normally desirable to increase the total amount of light that is transmitted through the lens structure as much as possible. This may be done as will be described below. In order to illus- '5 trate the principle involved in this modification of this invention, reference is made to Figs. 4 and 5. If an object is at the principal focus of an ordinary convex lens rays from any point of the object when emerging from the lens on the opso posits side thereof will be parallel. If another convex lens is placed in the path of these parallel rays with its axis parallel to the principal axis of the first lens then the light rays can be brought to a point of focus by the second lens. The sec- 55, ond lens will therefore produce an inverted image of the object within the field of the first lens. In Fig. 4. a candle is shown which is at the principal focus of the lens 86. Light from any point in the candle 85 will therefore emanate from the (3g opposite side of the lens 86 in the form of parallel rays. If a lens 8'! is placed in the path of .'-'these parallel rays, the rays can be brought to a focus again. Behind the lens 8'! and at the focal plane thereof for parallel light a real inverted image 85' of the candle will be formed. If a number of small lenses are used as shown in Fig. 5, a small image 85 of the candle 85 will be formed behind each of the small lenses. Since the rays of light between the lens 3'5 and the sev- 7U eral lenses 87 are parallel, it is apparent that the lenses 8? can be moved transversely with respect to the optical axis of lens 86 and that during the mcticn of the small lenses the images 85 will remain undisturbed behind each of these To lenses so long as the lenses Bl are in the path reflecting prisms and the like.

and a compensating lens) are referred to as having the same optical axis, these structures need not have the same physical axis, as the direction of the optical axis might be changed between them.

If in place of a plurality of small lenses a lenticular film is used which comprises a lenticular structure comprising substantiallysimilar spherical"type lenses on the face thereof and has on the opposite side thereof a photographic emulsion at the focal plane for parallel light of the lens elements of said film, it is apparent that a plurality of images of the candle would be recorded on the emulsion notwithstanding the fact that the film was moved during the exposure of the photographic emulsion to light from the light source. This phenomenon is due, as aforesaid, to the fact that the rays of light emanating for any given point of subject 85 and traveling from the lens 38 to the small lenses 8? are parallel. With this optical arrangement the light from any one point of the subject will fall at one point only behind each of the small lenses as the subject is scanned by the lenses regardless of the motion of the small lenses with reference to the principal objective lens.

In Fig. 6 an optical arrangement is shown which is suited for photographing distant objects. In this case a lenticular film 99 has been substituted for the individual lenses shown in Figs. 4 and ii. The film 90 comprises an object screen 9| which may consist of photographic emulsion and a lenticular scanning screen 92 which consists of a plurality of substantially similar spherical lenses. A subject 93 to be photographed is at a distance from the lens as. In order that the light between the lens 94 and the film 90 may consist of parallel rays as far as light emanating from any single point in the subject 93 is concerned a compensating lens 95 is used. The compensating lens 95 in effect produces a virtual image 95, and light emanating from any one point in this virtual image travels from the lens 94 to the film 90 is in the form of parallel rays. With this structure small inverted images 96' of virtualimage 96 are produced on the emulsion 9| and since the rays of light striking the emulsion from any one point of the image 96 always strike the emulsion in the same place behind the lens elements, the points in the images Q8 behind each of the lens elements which correspond to points in the image 96 remain the same regardless of the motion of the film relatively to the lens structure during exposure.

A portion of the film 98 is shown enlarged in Fig. '7. It is seen that the bundle of parallel rays 91 which come, for example, from the bottom of the subject 83, come to a focus on the emulsion 9i at the upper limit of the width of the area behind the lens element 92. Similarly the bundle of parallel rays 93 from the top of the subject 93 come to a focus at the lower limit of the width of the area behind lens element 92. It is desir able to have the images 95' occupy the full extent of the area behind these lens elements but 0 lens or a ccncavo-convex lens.

not to overlap into areas behind adjacent lens elements and this relationship also applies to other modifications of this invention elsewhere described herein. This can be accomplished by ocontrolling the thickness 75 of the film and the radius r of the lenses 92 in relation to the angle '"iiat which marginal rays from the subject being photographed strike the scanning lens elements. After the subject has been photographed on w the special motion picture film, the projection can be accomplished using apparatus similar to that described above, a light source (not shown) being placed so as to transmit rays of light in the reverse direction of that above described 5 through the film, through a projecting lens m ments designed to correct aberrations, etc. Such a lens can be used according to this invention by placing the compensating lens I 93 in front thereof. The compensating lens is shown as a double concave lens but it may also be a plane-concave The compensating lens can be made in one or more pieces and of any suitable material. Such a compensating lens is especially suitable in connection with a camera lens of fixed focus. Using the compen- 30 sating lens such as that shown in Figs. 8 and 8A motion pictures can be photographed in the manner above described in connection with Figs. 6

and '7. When a compensating lens is used in the manner above described, and as will be described below, the compensating lens may be considered as part of an objective or projecting lens struc ture.

A preferred type of apparatus to be used in the making of motion pictures according to this m invention is shown in Fig. 9. In this apparatus a suitable objective lens indicated generally by the reference character ltll may be used. In this instance the objective lens is composed of elements I82, I03, I84 and I05 and may com- {75 prise any well known type of objective lens which is preferably adapted to make corrections for aberrations, diffraction, etc. At the nodal point of the lens is a diaphragm 25l which is preferably adjustable so that the working diameter thereof can be changed. Spaced from the objective lens is a shield member I88 having an image aperture It! therein. Still further removed from the objective lens is a compensating lens structure I98 of spherical type which may H be composed of two members 39 and H9. At the back of the camera is film gate shield H l Immediately bea having film gate H2 therein. hind the film gate H2 is a composite filifi HS composed of an object screen H4 such as photographic emulsion, and a scanning screen H5 comprising a plurality of lens elements of spherical type.

The functioning of the device is illustrated in Fig. 10. Rays of light H8 and H8 are rays entering the objective lens after having originated 73 of the subject being photographed also come to I: a focus at the image aperture and that a real image is formed at this point. However, instead of recording the image on a photographic emul sion at the image aperture, the rays of light are permitted to pass through the compensating lens H0. The action of the compensating lens structure l Ill is similar to that above described in connection with Figs. 5, 6 and 7. Thus if a source of light were placed at the image aperture, e. g., at point 252, the light therefrom would emanate as a bundle of parallel rays 255 from lens structure Hi}. In other words, the image aperture is at or substantially at the focal plane for parallel light of the compensating lens structure. As a matter of fact the light at point 252 comes from a point at the approximate center of the subject being photographed and since the angle at which rays come'to focus at point 252 is limited by the aperture of the diaphragm 251, the angle at which light passing through point 252 falls upon compensating lens structure H is limited as shown by rays 255, but these rays emanate from the lens structure H0 in parallel relation and fall upon film in this relation. The compensating lens structure H0 also causes the rays H6 and H6 to emanate from the compensating lens structure I H] as a bundle of parallel rays. The rays Ill and ill fall on the record screen in parallel relation but from another direction. Thus all of the rays from each point of the subject being photographed fall on the film from one direction only. Consequently as the film is moved past the film gate H2 by sprocket wheel 252 or any other means light from any one point of the subject being photographed falls at one 'i-Eipoint only of the image recorded on the photouse for motion picture work. However, since there is no moment when the light does not fall upon the photographic emulsion, it is apparent that the efiective light falling on the film is greatly increased as compared with intermittent photography, as in intermittent photography it is necessary to shut off the light during the movement of the film between each successive photograph.

The image aperture may be approximately the same as the aperture of the objective lens. In such case the corrective lens structure would have a greater working diameter than that of the objective lens. Thus if the working diameter of the objective lens were about the same as the image aperture and if the focal lengths of the objective and corrective lenses were about the same then the working diameter of the corrective lens system would be about three times that of the objective lens.

In tracing marginal rays H6 and H6 on the one hand and Ill and Ill on the other hand it is seen that the bundles of parallel rays converge after havin passed through corrective lens structure Ill]. The film gate H2 can be placed so that the converging light rays will ,cover a desired area on the motion picture film. As has element.

been said hereinabove, it is desirable that the thickness of the film and the diameter and radius of the lens elements thereof be such that the light rays falling thereon will substantially fill the whole area but no more behind each lens The diameter of the compensating lens structure and the angle at which light rays therefrom strike the film gate, should preferably be such as to function in this way with a film of given specifications. In commercial work it is regarded as preferable to adopt a film of standard specifications. The optical structure of the camera could then be adapted as desired to cooperate with the film in carrying out this invention. The foregoing remarks as to the Working diameters of the various optical structures and devices also applies to other modifications herein described and is to be understood in connection therewith.

While a particular type of compensating lens structure is shown in Figs. 9 and 10, it is to be understood that other types of lens structures can be used. Thus the lens structure described '-in the Minor patent hereinabove mentioned may be used as a compensating lens structure and is desirable because it is corrected for aberrations. A compensating lens of short focal length and high corrective value is preferred.

The objective lens may be adjustable so as to bring either near or distant objects to a focus at the image aperture depending upon the position of the subject that is to be photographed. This will affect somewhat the angle at which the various rays pass through the different optical structures and thus affect the angle at which rays of light strike the film at the film gate. However, by varying the diameter of the diaphragm 25l, the angle at which rays strike the film gate can be maintained constant so that the desired area on the emulsion behind each of the lens elements will be filled in the manner above described in scanning the subject. These remarks are also applicable to the modification herein below described.

When the record that has been photographed is to be projected, an optical arrangement can be used which in general is similar to that described above. Such projection apparatus is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 11. In this figure there is a source of light I20 which is directed toward the film gate I23 in shield I24 by the reflector I2l and by a suitable condenser I22. The light rays pass through the film gate and film and the light from each point on the emulsion side of the film is magnified by each of the lens structures so as to pass to the compensating lens as beams or bundles of parallel light. =-.-The compensating lens I 25 is such as to bring'pai'allel light rays such as rays Ziil (in dotted lines) to a focus at the image aperture lZB. The light rays from corresponding points behind each of 'theplurality of lens elements will emerge as parallel rays all traveling in a similar direction from all of the lens elements in front of the filmgate. The bundles of parallel light that are directed through the compensating lens structure I25 (which is shown as comprising the lens elements I26 and (21) are focussed at separate points at the image aperture I28 in shield I29. Thus light rays 269 from corresponding points 255 on the emulsion all travel to the compensating lens I25 as parallel rays but are brought to point 257 at the image aperture. Similarly, all of the rays from all of the corresponding points behind the different lens elements of the film are brought to a focus at their appropriate points at the image aperture. The light passing through the image aperture I 23 then passes on and through the projecting lens structure I29 (see Fig. 11A). Still further tracing the light rays, it is seen that the rays are directed by the projecting lens structure so as to ultimately come to a focus on a suitable viewing screen 25-3. Tracing the light rays 268, it is seen that they will ultimately come to a focus at a stationary point 25$ notwithstanding the continued motion of the film. When the film is moved past the film gate by sprocket wheel' 2% or any other suitable means it is apparent that any motion of the subject originally photographed will be viewable on the viewing screen.

In the apparatus above described in connection with Figs. 9, 10, l1 and 11A, compensating lens structures of the spherical type have been used with a scanning screen having spherical lens elements. When the scanning lens elements of the film are of the cylindrical type extending across the film, a modified form of photographing and projecting apparatus should be used such as that shown in Figs. 12, l3, 14, 14A and 14B. In Fig. 12 an apparatus is shown having an objective lens structure I59 behind which is placed a screen I II having image aperture I52. The objective lens is of any suitable type, many of which are well known, and is operative to produce an image of a subject being photographed at the image aperture hi2. The objective may include a diaphragm 286 the diameter of which may be adjusted as desired. At the back of the camera is a film gate I 43 in shield member I44. Behind the film gate I43 is a film I 45 having e photographic emulsion I46 on the back thereof and a plurality of lenticular cylindrical ridges I iI extending cross-ways on the face thereof. Interposed between image aperture and the film gate I43 are compensating lenses of special type. The first two of these lenses, namely, lenses I48 and I49 comprise a unit which is designed to bring to a focus rays of light traveling in a horizontal plane from any one point of a subject being photographed after having passed through the image aperture M2. This pair of lenses causes rays of light emanating from a single point of the subject being photographed and traveling in a hori zontal plane after having passed through a point of focus at the image aperture I42, to be again focussed at the film gate aperture I 43. The other pair of lenses I50 and I5I serve to cause light emanating from any single point of the subject being photographed to emanate therefrom in parallel relation in a vertical plane, it being understood that the film moves vertically, for example, driven by sprocket wheel 29 or by any other suitable means.

For the purpose of illustration, the "rays of light from a point of the subject at the axis of the objective lens may be followed. The raysof light are brought to a focus by the objective lens at the center of the image aperture I42. From this aperture the rays of light tend to spread horizontally as shown by the shaded portion I52. But the horizontally spreading rays are caused to converge again by the lenses I48 and I49 as shown. The rays of light which tend to spread vertically after having passed through the center of the image aperture I42 are caused to become parallel after they pass through the lenses I58 and I5I. Thus light from a point of the subject at the axis of the objective lens is caused to fall on the film along a line extending longitudinally of the longitudinal extent of the film, and all of the rays from this point strike the film from the same angle with reference to the longitudinal extent of the film.

In Fig. 13 the rays from the top and bottom 5 and two sides of the subject being photographed are traced through the apparatus. The rays from ,;;points at either side of the subject being photographed are brought to focus at the image aperture at points I58 and I5I. The rays brought to focus at I63 at the image aperture are refracted by the lenses Itii and M so as to strike the film gate aperture I43 at the edge thereof and the lenses Ifiil and IEI cause these rays to fall on the film gate aperture in parallel relation to each other as far as any plane intersecting the film longitudinally is concerned. The path of this particular bundle of rays, after meeting at the point I69, in a horizontal plane, is shown by the shaded portion I62 and it is seen that this bundle 2.0 of rays falls at the margin of the film gate I43. The light coming to a focus at I6I travels in a horizontal plane as shown by the shaded area I63 and comes to a focus at the opposite side of the film gate. Light emanating from individual points in the image aperture and in other planes intersecting the film I55 transversely also come to a focus at the film gate aperture because of the action of lenses I68 and I49.

Rays coming to a focus at the top of the image aperture I 42 at the point I64 are brought into parallel relation with respect to each other by lenses I53 and I5I. These rays fall on the film along the line at approximately the center of the film gate from top to bottom thereof and they '55 all strike the film at the same angle with reference to the longitudinal extent of the film. The path of these rays is shown by the shaded area I 65. Light coming to a focus at the bottom of the image aperture I52 at point I66 follows the shaded area I3? and also comes to a focus along the same line at which the rays coming to a focus from point I 64 of the image aperture fall. But the rays of shaded area IS'I fall upon the film at a widely different angle from the rays of shaded l5 area I 65 with reference to the longitudinal extent of the film. Since each of the lenses of the scanning screen on the face of the film bring rays parallel in a plane intersecting the film longitudinally to a point, it is seen that the rays com ing from points from the top to the bottom of image aperture hi2 are recorded independently on the emulsion on the back of the film. Likewise the rays from points laterally disposed across the image aperture are brought to independent points on the emulsion because of the focussing action lenses I48 and I49. Thus, when the film is moved past the film gate the subject being photographed is scanned without any confusion of images (which are upright when the film is moved vertically) behind the cylindrical lens elements of the film. Any motion in the subject being ,photographed is therefore recorded on the successive areas behind each of the lens elements of the film as the film goes past the film gate. 5 The projection of a record made by photographic apparatus such as that shown in Figs. 12 and 13 is illustrated in connection with Figs. 14, 14A and 14B. The record on film I 15 may have been developed as by reverse printing proc- 70 ess so as to have been changed from a negative to a positive. In such case the record screen I46 and the lenticular scanning screen I l! will be the same as described above in connection with Figs. 12 and 13. In projecting, a suitable light source I15 (see Fig. 14) may be used together with a reflector I16 and a condenser lens I'I'I which cause the light to be directed to and through the apertures I18 in film gate shield member I19. Between the film gate aperture I18 and the image aperture I80 in shield member I8I are positioned two compensating lens structures. One of these structures is shown as including cylindrical lenses I82 which are adapted to bring light which strikes them in parallel relation in a plane intersecting the film Hi longitudinally from the film gate aperture to a focus at a point at the image aper ture. The lens structure I83 is also shown as comprising two parts and is adapted to bring diverging light rays emanating from the film at the film gate aperture in planes intersecting the film I transversely to a focus at the image aperture. In this manner the scanned views on the emulsion I46 behind the cylindrical scanning elements'produce an image at image aperture I89. In front of the image aperture is a projecting lens structure I84 of usual type which is adapted to project the image at the image aperture onto a suitable translucent or reflecting viewing screen I95.

The paths of certain rays oi light through the projecting apparatus will now be described, in order that the action of the projecting apparatus may be better understood. It is apparent that light from corresponding points I85 (see Fig. 14A) on the recording screen I 36 will be magnified by the lenses I85 of the scan- If the motion picture film is maintained stationary in the projecting apparatus, a stationary picture will be seen on the viewing screen. As soon as the motion picture film is moved relatively to the projecting apparatus, however, as

. by sprocket wheel 295 or by any other suitable ning screen I4! so as to emanate as rays I98,

all of which travel in parallel relation to each other at least in planes which intersect the film I longitudinally thereof. Similarly rays from liborresponding points IB'I pass from the cylindrical lens elements of the scanning screen as rays I9I in a similarly parallel relation. The rays I90 are converged by lens structure I82 to a point I93 at the top of the image aperture I83, for example. The rays I9I are converged by the lens"structure I82 to a point I94 at the bottom of the image aperture I81), for example. Other points between points I85 and I8? behind the lenses I86 on the recording screen will be brought to corresponding points between points I23 and I94 at the image aperture. The rays from points I85 and I8? and intermediate points also have rays of light emanating therefrom which diverge in planes which intersect the film I transversely. Such rays are brought to a focus at the image aperture by the compensating lens structure I83. Thus all rays which emanate from points I are converged at the single point I 93 at the image aperture. The same is true of all other points at the image aperture. Moreover, since the rays emanating from the scanning elements on the film maintain their same position relative to the compensating lenses I82 and i83 during the motion of the composite film, the image at the image aperture is not blurred. l

The image at the image aperture may then be projected onto the viewing screen I95 in any suitable way as is well known. In order that the rays may be traced in projection, reference is made to Fig. MB. The rays I89 which pass through the point IE3 of the image aperture pass divergently into the projecting lens structure I84 and are again brought to a focus at the viewing screen I95. In a similar way, the rays from all the points at the image aperture are projected so as to reproduce the image at the image aperture on the viewing screen. I95.

holes 2 I6 along only one margin thereof.

I :means, the picture projected on the viewing screen will reproduce the motion of the subject originally photographed, the rate of motion depending on the rate of motion of the film.

For use in connection with motion picture photography and projection of the character heretofore described, various types of films may be used such as shown in Figs. 15 to 29. In Figs. 15 and 16 a motion picture film 206 is shown on the surface of which is embossed a plurality of contiguous spherical lens elements 20L On the back of the film is a suitable recording medium such as a photograph emulsion 202. This type of film is adapted for use with all of the diiferent apparatus described above but is especially adapted to be used with the apparatus shown in Figs. 8, 8A, 9, 10, 11 and 11A.

In Figs. 1'7 and 18 the motion picture film 283 is shown, on the surface of which are embossed a plurality of cylindrical ridges or lenses 204. On the back of the film is a suitable photographic emulsion 285. This type of film is especially adapted for use in connection with the apparatus shown in Figs. 12, 13, 14, 14A and 1413. It may also be used in connection with the apparatus shown in Figs. 2, 2A and 3.

In Figs. 19 and 20 a photographic film 298 is shown which has on the surface thereof a grat ing consisting of opaque transverse lines 251 between which are transparent bands 26%. This type of film is adapted for use with apparatus shown in Figs. 1, 3, 12, 13, 14, 14A and 14B but is less desirable than the film shown in Figs. 1'7 and 18.

In the films shown in Figs. 15 to 20, it is to be noted that no perforations are used which are adapted to co-act with sprocket wheels. In moving the film continuously there is no necessity for sprocket wheels as in the intermittent projection of motion pictures heretofore practiced. If desired, however, a film suitable for use in connection with sprocket wheels may be adapted for use according to the present invention. Thus in Figs. 21 and 22 a film 2H] is shown of usual type with perforations 2H along the margins thereof. Adjacent one margin is a sound track 2I2. However, between the margins of the film, the film is embossed with spherical lenses of the type shown in Figs. 15 and 16.

Similarly when cylindrical lenses are used, the cylindrical lenses 2M (see Figs. 23 and 24) may be placed between sprocket holes 2II along the margin thereof and alongside the soundltrack 2I2.

As a further modification, reference is made to Fig. 25. In the figure the film 2I5 has sprocket Along the other margin thereof are two sound tracks. This type of film also carries an emulsion on the back thereof and is suitable for carrying two sound records such as one record for conversation and a second record for musical accompaniment or for recording biaural sound effects. In this modification the lens structure on the face of the film comprises spherical lenses 211.

In Fig. 26 the film 2I9 is essentially the same as that shown in Fig. 25 except that instead of using spherical lenses the face of the film is embossed with cylindrical ridges 22L In Fig. 27 a motion picture film 225 is shown having a series of perforations 228 along one margin thereof and a sound track 22'! along the other margin thereof. Between the margins is a grating similar to the grating shown in Figs. 19 and 20 and in the back of the fihn is a photographic emulsion.

In Fig. 28 a film 282 is shown having sound j.

tracks 253 along either margin thereof with lenticular ridges 2% on the face thereof between i the sound tracks (an emulsion being on the back thereof).

In Fig. 29 a film 295 having sound tracks 2355 along the margins thereof and spherical type lens elements 28? therebetween is shown (an emulsion being on the back thereof).

The lenticular film of the character above described is ordinarily used in the practice of this invention,by moving it continuously with relation to photographic apparatus and with relation to projecting apparatus. If, however, the lenticular film has to be used with an old type of intermittent apparatus, it will still operate. If lenticular film is used, the subject being photographed would be recorded in a composite manner behind the lens structures. were maintained stationary, the film shown in Fig. 17, for example, would be adapted to make a photograph occupying the area 23 shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 17 for example. The photograph would not be visible to the eye as a picture inasmuch as it would be resolved into elements by the action of the lenses but when projected the light rays would reverse themselves and would produce a picture on a viewing screen.

Thus the lenticular film or a grating could be used in ordinary intermittent photography. The

film thus produced would, of course, have to be projected using a projector having an intermittent action but not necessarily an intermittent shutter. Fig. 1'7 also illustrates how the area of the film used for recording an image can be increased by avoiding the necessity for perforations in the practice of this invention.

Furthermore, if a lenticular film or a film having a grating on the face thereof is moved continuously in making photographs as hereinabove described according to this invention, such film can be used in a projector of the intermittent type. photographed would be successively projected While the film was held stationary at intervals of the length of the film, and a motion picture of ordinary type would be produced. Wherever intermittent motion is used, however, the numerous advantages of the continuous motion would not be availedof according to the present invention.

Films such as those hereinabove described and used in the practice of this invention may be made of any suitable material such as cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, gelatine and the like. The material used in the present motionpicture film is well suited for use in the practice of the present invention. The characteristics of the lens elements used on the film are dependent to a large extent upon the thickness of the film that is used. A photographic film having a thickness of .006 inch is desirable. The lens elements, either of the spherical type or of the cylindrical type, on the face of the film should be adapted to bring beams of parallel light striking the lens elements to a focus at the emulsion plane on the other side of the film in the preferred apparatus described above. Moreover, the lens element should, as hereinabove described, be adapted In such case the subject that was originally to the inch may, for example, be used. In order ,that the film may be as durable as possible, it is Thus if the film a preferable to make the curvature of the lens elements neither excessive, on the one hand, nor too slight, on the other hand. If the curvature is excessive, light rays are adversely affected by fillets between the lens elements. If the curvature of the lens elements is too slight, it is difficult to accurately emboss them. As aforesaid, in the commercial practice of this invention it would be desirable to select a certain standard specification for the film.

The emulsion on the back of the film may be of any well known type. The words photographic emulsion are used herein to refer to any suitable material which is sensitive to light rays and is adapted to make a photographic record upon exposure to light rays. The photographic speed of the emulsion may be selected as determined by the quality of the light used in illuminating the subject, the reflective power of the subject, the size of the effective aperture of the camera and the like as is ordinary photography. These matters all well known and need no further explanation herein.

In cinematographic work in accordance with v the present invention, it may be necessary to shut off the light rays completely, for example, either before or after use of the apparatus and when the film is at rest. In such case the diaphragms hereinabove shown may be adapted to close altogether or a suitable cap may be used to cover the objective or projecting lens structure. Moreover, an independent shutter of any known type may be used for this purpose.

After the exposure of the film, it is assumed that the film will be properly developed. A suitable positive can be made by the well known chemical reversal process for transforming a negative into a positive by chemical means. Likewise, positives can be produced by known printing methods from the negative.

As hereinabove stated, it is not necessary to use sprocket wheels and co-operating perforations in the film when continuous methods of photography and projection are employed according to this invention. Accordingly, it is proposed in the practice of this invention to use cinematographic apparatus wherein the film is guided by contact and tension rollers at the film gate, which while serving to position the film, reduce friction and minimize the possible accumulation of static charge on the film. While these rollers may be fitted with sprocket teethT'if de sired, it is sufficient if the rollers are flanged to furnish an accurate guide for the edges of the film strip.

"Apparatus of the character referred to above ater- 45- comprises an elongated film, a plurality of substantially similar scanning elements on one side of said film, a series of composite images including the entire longitudinal extent (in a direction corresponding to the longitudinal extent of the film) of the photographed subject recorded on the other side of said film in chemical material so as to be retained on said film, each of said images being confined within the limits of longitially contiguous convex lenticular ridges extending transversely of said film on one side thereof and on the other side thereof a photographic emulsion, and a plurality of images recorded on the emulsion behind said lenticular ridges so as ,1 to be retained on said film by virtue of diiferent degrees of photochemical reaction of the material of said emulsion, the image behind each contiguous lens element including substantially tudinal extent of each of said scanning elements 10 the entire longitudinal extent (in a direction on said film and each of said scanning elements being adapted to direct rays of light from points disposed longitudinally of said film and behind said scanning element at substantially difierent corresponding to the longitudinal extent of the film) of the photographed subject.

4. A cinematographic record which comprises an elongated film having a plurality of spherical angles with respect to rays of light from the other 15 type contiguous convex lens elements on one side of said points behind said element in a plane intersecting the film longitudinally,

2. A record adapted for cinematography which comprises an elongated film, a plurality of subthereof disposed both longitudinally and laterally of the film and a photographic emulsion on the other side thereof, and a plurality of images recorded on the emulsion behind said lens elestanti'ally similar lens elements on one surface 20 ments so as to be retained on said film by virtue thereof and a photographic emulsion on the other surface thereof, a composite view including the entire longitudinal extent (in a direction corresponding to the longitudinal extent of the of different degrees of photochemical reaction of the material of said emulsion, the images behind successive lens elements disposed longitudinally of the film including the entire longitudinal film) of the photographed subject chemically extent (in a direction corresponding to the longirecorded behind each lens element in the material of said emulsion so as to be retained on said film, each lens element being adapted to direct light from a point behind said lens element so as to tudinal extent of the film) of the photographed subject and said images behind successive elements disposed transversely of the film being portions only of the lateral extent of the photobe substantially parallel in a plane intersecting 30 graphed subject.

the film longitudinally.

3. A cinematographic record which comprises an elongated film having a plurality of substan- THOMAS STEPHEN. RICHARD K. PARSELL. 

